“Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, and these days there is a lot of focus on awareness and research of this neurocognitive disease,” says Doris Lea, Executive Director of Hidden Springs of McKinney. “However, Alzheimer’s disease isn’t the only form of dementia. Dementia is actually a catch-all term that describes a family of cognitive diseases, while Alzheimer’s disease is one specific form of dementia.”
The 13 Types of Dementia
There are five major types of dementia that make up the vast majority of cases: Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy body, Parkinson’s disease and frontotemporal degeneration. However, there are thirteen different types of dementia that have been identified by the medical community to date, and some researchers believe there are many more that still remain undiscovered.
“Most dementias have similarities, which can make it difficult to determine what type of dementia someone has,” says Doris. “And since we currently don’t have a cure for dementia, understanding the different types can be beneficial to a point. However, knowing the differences between the types of dementia can help physicians recommend treatments for each individual, which can help slow the progression of the disease, especially in the beginning stages. Knowing the different types of dementia can also let friends and family members know what to look for if they are concerned for a senior loved one.”
The Common Forms of Memory Related Disease
The following are the most common forms of cognitive and memory-related diseases.
Alzheimer’s Disease
This is the most common form of dementia, making up anywhere from 60-80% of cases. Although the “Alzheimer’s gene” was discovered several years back, we still don’t know exactly why someone develops this form of dementia. At the moment, it’s believed to be a mix of lifestyle, environmental and genomic factors. Symptoms of Alzheimer’s are considered to be the “classic” symptoms of dementia, and progress along an easily observed timeline:
- Early stages: Memory loss, inability to find the “right word,” increasingly poor judgment
- Middle stages: Further memory loss, deteriorating physical abilities, mental issues including paranoia, confusion, anxiety, anger, hallucinations and delusions
- Late stages: Incontinence, further loss of physical abilities, inability to communicate and ultimately death due to the body shutting down
Vascular Dementia
This is the second most common type of dementia and usually occurs due to cardiovascular issues, particularly strokes. Vascular dementia happens when strokes (either large strokes or mini-strokes) cause blood flow to be halted to areas of the brain, which causes cell death. The symptoms of this form of dementia can vary depending on what area of the brain is affected. Generally, individuals have issues with short-term memory, exhibit inappropriate behaviors, or experience hallucinations. Vascular dementia doesn’t progress in a steady line like Alzheimer’s disease; rather, the disease progression depends on how and where the brain damage occurs.
Parkinson’s Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies
These two similar-yet-different forms of dementia are due to the development of abnormal proteins in brain nerve cells. PDD develops in individuals with Parkinson’s disease, while LBD can occur in otherwise healthy adults. Symptoms are similar to Alzheimer’s disease, but in these types of dementia, mobility and motor issues present much sooner than any sort of memory loss or cognitive decline.
Frontotemporal Degeneration (FTD)
Also known as Pick’s disease or frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), this form of dementia occurs in individuals 60 or younger and doesn’t affect memory. FTD symptoms include loss of motivation, reduced empathy, compulsive behaviors, anxiety, depression and decreased inhibition.
The Rarer Forms of Dementia
Less common forms of cognitive disease and memory degeneration can include the following:
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
This type of dementia is also known as the “alcoholic’s dementia.” It occurs when an individual has a Vitamin B1 deficiency – generally caused by alcohol abuse. Wernicke-Korsakoff is one of the only dementias that can be lessened or reversed if the individual makes lifestyle changes.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
CJD is a form of prion disease, which occurs when prion proteins start folding abnormally. This form of dementia progresses rapidly, with nearly all individuals dying within a year of exhibiting symptoms. Thankfully, this form of dementia is incredibly rare.
Huntington’s Disease
Huntington’s is a genetically inherited disorder that develops between the ages of 30 and 50. It affects thinking skills, mood, judgment and motor skills – and unfortunately, if you inherit the gene, you will develop this disease.
Fatal Familial Insomnia (FFI)
This incredibly rare form of dementia causes individuals to experience insomnia, vivid dreams, anxiety and hallucinations. Eventually, the individual becomes unable to speak as memory loss develops and motor abilities deteriorate.
Dementia Caused by HIV/AIDS
This form of dementia occurs in people who have AIDS or HIV and causes difficulty with concentration, memory and attention. It also manifests as behavioral or personality changes.
Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA)
This form of dementia manifests as a progressive, gradual deterioration of the brain’s cortex. It’s very similar to Alzheimer’s disease but manifests earlier (between the ages of 50 and 65).
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH)
This form of dementia is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the buildup of excess cerebrospinal fluid building in the brain’s ventricle. It causes difficulty walking, mental issues and loss of bladder control.
Mixed Dementia
This final form of dementia is a combination of more than one type of dementia, generally Alzheimer’s disease plus another form of dementia. Symptoms can vary depending on what type of cognitive decline is present.
Although we can’t always determine the particular type of dementia someone has, it’s important to be aware of the symptoms and take steps to ensure the highest quality of life for each individual. As science and the medical profession continue to do research, we as a society will continue to evolve best practices to help those with dementia benefit and live fulfilling lives.
For more information about our new community in North Dallas, please contact us at 972.483.0234.
Luxury Living in North Dallas
At Hidden Springs of McKinney, we understand how important location is to North Dallas seniors who are looking for an engaging, enriching retirement lifestyle. Located in McKinney, Texas, we are close to medical centers, arts and entertainment, outdoor opportunities and everything else you love about this area. Seniors who choose to make us their home can enjoy a range of trips, opportunities and activities while living their very best life thanks to our innovative focus on wellness.
Active Retirement Living for a Healthy Tomorrow
The secret to a life well-lived awaits you at Hidden Springs of McKinney. Envisioned and developed by Madison Marquette, a company with a 25-year track record of investing in vibrant communities and a stellar reputation for developing luxury residences, you’ll discover all the possibilities your retirement brings … as well as the confidence of knowing your future is secure.
Our beautifully appointed, active retirement living community is created for those who expect more out of life. Luxury living, gracious services, resort-quality amenities, engaging programs and stunning apartments in 15 floor plans are just a few of the benefits awaiting you. And with assisted living and memory care services offered on campus, you can retire with complete peace of mind, knowing that if needs change, the care you deserve is right at home.
To learn more about Hidden Springs of McKinney and discover The Secret to a Life Well Lived, call or visit us today. We’d be happy to schedule a tour and show you just how much our location can make your retirement experience exceptional. Call us today at 972.483.0234.